Alstonia Scholaris: The Devil’s Tree and Its Versatile Benefits
What is Alstonia Scholaris?
Alstonia scholaris, commonly known as Devil’s Tree, is a large, evergreen tree that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. This tree is native to tropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australia. It has attracted much attention due to its unique characteristics, cultural significance, and uses in traditional medicine. The tree’s name, Alstonia scholaris, is derived from Professor Alston, a Scottish botanist, and “scholaris” refers to the use of its wood in making slates for students.
Why is Alstonia Scholaris Called Devil’s Tree?
The name Devil’s Tree is steeped in cultural myths and local legends. While there are various beliefs about the tree’s association with evil spirits, most of these stories are rooted in folklore. Some say that its appearance or the presence of the tree in certain areas brings bad luck, but there is no scientific basis to these claims. In fact, the Devil’s Tree is not dangerous, and it’s commonly used in traditional medicine.
Physical Characteristics of Alstonia Scholaris
Size and Shape
Alstonia scholaris is an imposing tree that can grow up to 12-13 meters in height. It has a straight trunk with a smooth bark, which is grayish in color. The leaves are arranged in whorls, with each whorl consisting of several long, narrow leaves. The leaves are dark green on the upper surface and lighter on the underside, giving the tree a glossy appearance.
Flowers and Fruit
The tree produces small, white flowers in clusters that have a pleasant fragrance. The fragrance of Alstonia scholaris flowers is particularly notable—it’s sweet and intense, filling the air around the tree when it blooms. The scent is so strong that it can be felt from a distance, creating a beautiful, aromatic atmosphere, especially at night. The fragrance is especially mesmerizing in the evenings, when the flowers release their perfume, making the surrounding area smell fresh and delightful. These flowers later give rise to long, narrow pods that contain seeds. These pods can grow up to 30-50 centimeters in length and 3-4 millimeters in width.
Benefits of Alstonia Scholaris
Alstonia scholaris, commonly known as the Devil’s Tree or Chhatim tree, is an evergreen tree found across various parts of Asia, including India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. Apart from its cultural significance and ornamental uses, the tree is known for its medicinal properties, especially its bark, leaves, and roots, which have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Below are some of the key health benefits of Alstonia scholaris, along with how it can be effectively used in various treatments:
1. Malaria Treatment
The bark of the Alstonia scholaris tree is renowned for its anti-malarial properties. It contains compounds that can help reduce the fever and chills associated with malaria.
How to Use:
- The bark can be boiled in water to make a decoction. Drink one or two cups per day to manage fever caused by malaria.
2. Diabetes Control
The bark of this tree is often used in managing diabetes due to its ability to help regulate blood sugar levels.
How to Use:
- Boil the bark in water and consume it once a day. The decoction helps in controlling blood sugar by improving insulin sensitivity.
3. Digestive Aid
Alstonia scholaris has properties that make it useful for treating digestive issues such as diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation.
How to Use:
- The bark’s decoction can be consumed to treat loose motions and other stomach disorders. A teaspoon of powdered bark mixed with honey is also beneficial for constipation.
4. Cardiovascular Health
The tree’s bark is helpful in regulating blood pressure and improving overall heart health.
How to Use:
- A decoction of the bark can be consumed regularly to prevent heart diseases and to lower high blood pressure. Consult a doctor before use, especially for those already on medication for hypertension.
5. Respiratory Support
Alstonia scholaris can be used to treat asthma and other respiratory problems due to its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator properties.
How to Use:
- The leaves and bark of the tree can be used to prepare a herbal remedy. Boiling the leaves and drinking the infused water helps alleviate breathing difficulties and asthma.
6. Pain Relief
This tree has analgesic properties and is used to treat various types of pain, including headaches, muscle pain, and joint pain.
How to Use:
- A poultice made from the leaves can be applied directly to the affected area for joint pain or muscle soreness. For headaches, the bark decoction can be drunk to relieve pain.
7. Skin Disorders
The sap and bark of the Alstonia scholaris tree have been used to treat skin ailments like eczema, rashes, and wounds due to their antiseptic properties.
How to Use:
- Apply the fresh sap directly to the skin to treat wounds and infections. The bark decoction can also be used to cleanse the skin and treat conditions like eczema.
8. Detoxification
Alstonia scholaris aids in detoxifying the body by helping to eliminate toxins from the liver and kidneys.
How to Use:
- Consuming a mild decoction of the bark every morning can help in the detoxification process and improve the body’s metabolism.
9. Mental Clarity and Stress Relief
The bark of the Alstonia scholaris tree is known to have calming effects and can be used to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression.
How to Use:
- Drink the bark’s decoction in the morning to reduce stress levels. The soothing properties of the tree help in relaxing the nervous system.
10. Fever and Cold Relief
Alstonia scholaris has antipyretic properties, making it effective in reducing fever and the symptoms of common colds.
How to Use:
- Prepare a tea using the leaves or bark, and drink it twice a day to reduce fever and alleviate cold symptoms.
11. Muscle Relaxant
The medicinal properties of the tree can also be beneficial for relieving muscle tension and spasms.
How to Use:
- Apply a paste of crushed leaves to the affected area or take the bark decoction internally for relief from muscle cramps and spasms.
12. Anti-inflammatory Action
Alstonia scholaris contains compounds that can help reduce inflammation in the body, making it useful for inflammatory conditions like arthritis.
How to Use:
- Regular consumption of the bark’s decoction can help manage inflammation, and the leaves can be used in a poultice form for local relief.
Note.
Although Alstonia Scholaris has numerous health benefits, it is essential to use it under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Only a trained expert knows the correct dosages and how to use the plant safely and effectively. Please avoid self-medication and consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Side Effects of Alstonia Scholaris
Although Alstonia Scholaris, or the Devil’s Tree, offers numerous medicinal benefits, its improper use can lead to several side effects. These include:
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience skin rashes, itching, or swelling after contact with the plant or its extracts.
- Digestive Issues: Consuming incorrect dosages may cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Toxicity: Overuse of the plant’s bark or leaves may result in toxic effects, especially when taken without proper guidance.
- Respiratory Problems: Inhaling the pollen or fumes from the tree’s preparations could trigger breathing difficulties in sensitive individuals.
- Interference with Medications: The plant’s bioactive compounds may interact negatively with certain medications, reducing their effectiveness or causing adverse reactions.
- Dizziness and Fatigue: Overdose may lead to dizziness, lethargy, or general weakness.
- Liver or Kidney Strain: Prolonged or excessive use can put stress on the liver and kidneys, potentially leading to long-term damage.
Caution:
Always use Alstonia Scholaris under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. Avoid self-medication, as only an expert can determine the correct dosage and usage method to ensure safety and efficacy.
Where Can You Find Alstonia Scholaris?
Alstonia scholaris is commonly found in tropical regions, especially in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, and parts of Australia. It grows well in humid areas but can also thrive in dry conditions. The tree is found in both urban and rural areas and is often planted as an ornamental tree in gardens and parks.
Alstonia Scholaris Distribution
Alstonia scholaris has a broad distribution across tropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia and South Asia. The tree can be found in diverse environmental conditions, from the humid coastal regions to drier inland areas. Its adaptability makes it an excellent choice for various types of landscapes.
Uses of Alstonia Scholaris
Wood and Timber
The wood of Alstonia scholaris is not particularly strong but is lightweight and smooth. It is used in the making of:
- Packing material: Due to its lightness, Alstonia scholaris wood is used in packing materials.
- Plywood: It is also used in the production of plywood.
- Writing slates: Historically, the wood was used to make slates for schoolchildren, giving the tree its name “scholaris.”
Cultural Significance of Alstonia Scholaris
In some cultures, Alstonia scholaris is seen as a symbol of spiritual significance. In Shantiniketan, India, two of these trees were associated with the great philosopher and poet Maharshi Devendranath Tagore, who used to meditate under them. The West Bengal Government has even declared Alstonia scholaris as the state tree, recognizing its cultural and ecological importance.
Landscaping and Gardening
Apart from its medicinal and cultural value, Alstonia scholaris is commonly used as a landscaping tree. Its dense foliage and striking appearance make it a popular choice for parks and gardens, providing both aesthetic and environmental benefits.
Is Alstonia Scholaris Dangerous?
While the tree is popularly known as the Devil’s Tree, it is not dangerous in reality. The name is simply tied to folklore and superstitions surrounding the tree. There are no known health risks associated with the tree, and it is widely used in herbal medicine in several regions. As long as the tree is not tampered with or consumed inappropriately, it poses no harm.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Alstonia scholaris, or the Devil’s Tree, is a remarkable plant that offers much more than its spooky reputation suggests. Whether for its aesthetic appeal, medicinal benefits, or cultural significance, this tree has earned its place in history. The myths surrounding it add to its mystique, but the real value of this tree lies in its contributions to traditional medicine and environmental beauty.
References
- Plants of the World Online (POWO)
Provides scientific classification, family details, and medicinal properties of Alstonia Scholaris.
POWO Reference - PubMed Central (PMC)
Includes research articles on the various medicinal properties of Alstonia Scholaris.
PMC Reference - ResearchGate
Features peer-reviewed studies on traditional uses and benefits of the Devil’s Tree.
ResearchGate Reference - World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Details the agricultural, environmental, and medicinal applications of Alstonia Scholaris.
ICRAF Reference - Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
Highlights the importance and applications of Alstonia Scholaris in Ayurveda.
AYUSH Reference - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Contains pharmacological studies and ethnobotanical uses of Alstonia Scholaris.
Journal Reference - ScienceDirect
Provides detailed scientific and therapeutic research studies on the tree.
ScienceDirect Reference - The Plant List
Offers detailed scientific taxonomy and classification of Alstonia Scholaris.
The Plant List Reference
